Publications and Thesis

The publications, reports and notes listed here were sponsored in whole or part by the Forest Modeling Research Cooperative or by a project in the Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, with objectives closely aligned with those of the Cooperative.

Selected (from 2010) Journal Articles, Papers in Proceedings, Book Chapters, and Bulletins

• Ogana, F.N. and Green, P.C., 2026. A resource-driven stand-level survival model for loblolly pine plantations in the southern United States. Forest Ecology and Management 610:123695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2026.123695
• Green, P.C., Horton, J., Berry, M. and Sullivan, J., 2026. A Framework for Collecting Optimal Information in Forest Sampling for Accurate Timberland Valuation. Journal of Forestry pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44392-026-00101-z (early-access)
• Ogana, F.N., Green, P.C. and Radtke, P., 2025. Modeling the growth and yield of natural hardwood stands in the southern United States using the Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Forest Ecology and Management 586:122722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122722
• Prabhu, A., Liu, X., Spasojevic, I., Wu, Y., Shao, Y., Ong, D., Lei, J., Green, C., Chaudhari, P., and Kumar, V. 2024. UAVs for forestry: Metric-semantic mapping and diameter estimate with autonomous aerial robots. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 208:111050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.111050
• Morrone, S., Green, P.C. 2024. Regional differences in stem form between southern and northern red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) populations. Forestry 97(5):771-784. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpae015
• Cheng, D., Cladera, F., Prabhu, A., Liu, X., Zhu, A., Green, C., Ehsani, R., Chaudhari, P., Kumar, V. 2024. TreeScope: An Agricultural Robotics Dataset for LiDAR-Based Semantic Segmentation of Trees in Forests and Orchards. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Yokohama, Japan, May 13-17, 2024. 14860-14866.  https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.02162
• Yang S., Burkhart H.E., and Seki M. 2023. Evaluating Semi- and Nonparametric Regression Algorithms in Quantifying Stem Taper and Volume with Alternative Test Data Selection Strategies. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 96(4):465-480. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpad019
• Prabhu, A., Liu, X., Spasojevic, I., Wu, Y., Shao, Y., Ong, D., Lei, J., Green, C., Chaudhari, P., and Kumar, V. Robots in the Wild: Fine-Grained Metric-Semantic Mapping and Diameter Estimation in Forests with Autonomous UAVs. 2023. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4518294 or https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4518294
• Yang S., and Green P.C. 2022. Comparison of Data Grouping Strategies on Prediction Accuracy of Tree-stem Taper for Six Common Species in the Southeastern US. Forests 13(2):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020156
• Ritz, A.L., Thomas, V.A., Wynne, R.H., Green, P.C., Schroeder, T.A., Albaugh, T.J., Burkhart, H.E., Carter, D.R., Cook, R.L., Campoe, O.C. and Rubilar, R.A. 2022. Assessing the utility of NAIP digital aerial photogrammetric point clouds for estimating canopy height of managed loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation 113:103012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.103012
• Green, P.C., Hogg, D.W., Watson, B., Burkhart, H.E. 2022. Small area estimation in diverse timber types using multiple sources of auxiliary data. Journal of Forestry 120(6):646-659. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvac015
• Dettmann, G.T., Radtke, P.J., Coulston, J.W., Green, P.C., Wilson, B.T., Moisen, G.G. 2022. Review and synthesis of estimation strategies to meet small area needs in forest inventory. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5:813569. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.813569
• Burkhart, H.E., Yang, S. 2022. A retrospective comparison of carrying capacity of two generations of loblolly pine plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 504:119834.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119834
• Shahzad, M.K., A. Hussain, H.E. Burkhart, F. Li, and L. Jiang. 2021. Stem taper functions for Betula platphylla in Daxing’an Mountains, northeast China. Journal of Forestry Research 32(2):529-541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01152-4
• Hussain, A., M.K. Shahzad, H.E. Burkhart, and L. Jiang. 2021. Stem taper functions for white birch (Betula platyphylla) and costata birch (Betula costata) in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, northeast China. Forestry 94(5):714-733. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab014
• Green, P.C. 2021. Long-term trends of planted loblolly pine diameter distribution characteristics. Journal of Forestry 119(3):229-235. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab007
• Coulston, J.W., P.C. Green, P.J. Radtke, S.P. Prisley, E.B. Brooks, V.A. Thomas, R.H. Wynne, and H.E. Burkhart. 2021. Enhancing the precision of broad-scale forestland removals estimates with small area estimation techniques. Forestry 94(3):427-441. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa045
• Yang, S., and H.E. Burkhart. 2020. Robustness of parametric and nonparametric fitting procedures of tree-stem taper with alternate definitions for validation data. Journal of Forestry 118(6):576-583. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa036
• Yang, S., and H.E. Burkhart. 2020. Evaluation of total tree height subsampling strategies for estimating volume in loblolly pine plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 461:117878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117878
• Scolforo, H.F., J.P. McTague, H.E. Burkhart, J. Roise, C.A. Alvares, and J.L. Stape. 2020. Site index estimation for clonal eucalypt plantations in Brazil: A modeling approach refined by environmental variables. Forest Ecology and Management 466:118079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118079
• Schulte, M.L., R.L. Cook, T.J. Albaugh, H.E. Burkhart, J.L. Creighton, O.C. Compoe, D.R. Carter, R.A. Rubilar, and T.R. Fox. 2020. Fertilization and thinning effects on plantation loblolly pine taper and wood quality. In Proceedings of the 20th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. e–Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–253. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 273-278. https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/61560
• Green, P.C., H.E. Burkhart, J.W. Coulston, P.J. Radtke, and V.A. Thomas. 2020. Auxiliary information resolution effects on small area estimation in plantation forest inventory. Forestry 93(5):685-693. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa012
• Green, P.C., H.E. Burkhart, J.W. Coulston, and P.J. Radtke. 2020. A novel application of small area estimation in loblolly pine forest inventory. Forestry 93(3):444-457 https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz073
• Green, P.C., and H.E. Burkhart. 2020. Plantation loblolly pine seedling counts with unmanned aerial vehicle imagery: A case study. Journal of Forestry 118(5):487-500. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa020
• Burkhart, H.E, and R.L. Amateis.2020. Effects of early pruning on ring specific gravity of young loblolly pine trees. Wood and Fiber Science 52(2):139-151. https://doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2020-013
• Amateis, R.L., and H.E. Burkhart. 2020. Calibrating a growth-and-yield model for loblolly pine in the Misiones/Paraná region of South America. In Proceedings 20th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. USDA Forest Service e-Gen. Technical Report SRS-253. p. 13-18. https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/60890.pdf
• Yang, S. and H.E. Burkhart. 2019. Comparison of Volume and Stand Table Estimates with Alternate Methods for Selecting Measurement Trees in Point Samples. Forestry 92(1):42-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy029
• Scolforo, H.F., J.P. McTague, H.E. Burkhart, J. Roise, R.L. Carneiro, and J.L. Stape. 2019. Generalized Stem Taper and Tree Volume Equations applied to Eucalyptus of Varying Genetics in Brazil. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49:447-462. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0276
• Scolforo, H.F., J. P. McTague, H.E. Burkhart, J. Roise, J. McCarter, C.A. Alvares, and J.L. Stape. 2019. Stand-level Growth and Yield Model System for Clonal Eucalypt Plantations that Accounts for Water Availability. Forest Ecology and Management 448:22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.06.006
• Scolforo, H.F., J.P. McTague, H.E. Burkhart, J. Roise, C.A. Alvares, and J.L. Stape. 2019. Modeling Whole-stand Survival in Clonal Eucalypt Stands in Brazil as a Function of Water Availability. Forest Ecology and Management 432:1002-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.044
• Scolforo, H.F., J.P McTague, H.E. Burkhart, J. Roise, O. Campoe, and J.L, Stape. 2019. Yield Pattern of Eucalypt Clones Across Tropical Brazil: An Approach to Clonal Groupings. Forest Ecology and Management 432:30-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.051
• Scolforo, H.F., J.P. McTague, H.E Burkhart, J. Roise, O. Campoe, and J.L. Stape. 2019. Eucalyptus Growth and Yield System: Linking Individual-tree and Stand-level Growth Models in Clonal Eucalypt Plantations in Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 432:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.045
• Green, P.C., S. Yang, and H.E. Burkhart. 2019. Comparison of plot- and stand-level projections of simulated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49(6):692-700. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0208
• Green, P Corey; Burkhart, Harold E; Coulston, John W; Radtke, Philip J. 2019. A novel application of small area estimation in loblolly pine forest inventory. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93(3):444-457. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz073
• Burkhart, H.E., T.E. Avery, and B.P. Bullock. 2019. Forest Measurements. 6th Edition. Waveland Press, Inc., Long Grove, IL. 434 p.
• Allen, M.G. and H.E. Burkhart. 2019. Growth-density relationships in loblolly pine plantations. Forest Science 65(3):250-264. https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxy048
• Yang, S. and H.E. Burkhart 2018. Application of height-based and diameter-based relative spacing for estimation of stand basal area. Forest Science 64(1):28-32. https://doi.org/10.5849/FS-2016-075 
• Sabatia, C.O. and H.E. Burkhart. 2018. Sixteen-Year Stand Level Growth and Development of Varietal and Non-Varietal Loblolly Pine in the Atlantic coastal Plain of South Carolina. In: Proceedings of the 19th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. e–Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–234. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 444 p. https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs234/gtr_srs234-61.pdf
• Green, P.C., Yang, S., Burkhart, H.E. 2018. Comparison of plot- and stand-level projections of simulated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49(6):692-700. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0208
• Green, P.C., Bullock, B.P. and Kane, M.B. 2018. Culture and Density Effects on Tree Quality in Midrotation Non-Thinned Loblolly Pine Plantations. Forests 9(2):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9020082
• Burkhart, H.E., E.B. Brooks, H. Dinon-Aldridge, C.O. Sabatia, N. Gyawali, R.H. Wynne and V.A. Thomas. 2018. Regional Simulations of Loblolly Pine Productivity with CO2 Enrichment and Changing Climate Scenarios. Forest Science 64(4):349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxy008
• Bose, A.K., A. Weiskittel, C. Kuehne, R.G. Wagner, E. Turnblom, and H.E. Burkhart. 2018. Tree-level Growth and Survival Following Commercial Thinning of Four Major Softwood Species in North America. Forest Ecology and Management 427:355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.06.019
• Bose, A.K., A. Weiskittel, C. Kuehne, R.G. Wagner, E. Turnblom and H.E. Burkhart. 2018. Does commercial thinning improve stand-level growth of the three most commercially important softwood forest types in North America? Forest Ecology and Management 409:683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.12.008
• Amateis, R.L. and H.E. Burkhart. 2018. A comparison of two groups of yield plots representative of loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. In: Proceedings of the 19th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. e–Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–234. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 444 p. https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/57278
• Arias-Rodil, M., U. Diéguez-Aranda, and H.E. Burkhart. 2017. Effects of measurement error in total tree height and upper-stem diameter on stem volume prediction. For. Sci. 63:250-260.
• Burkhart, H.E., A.M. Brunner, B.J. Stanton, R.A. Shuren, R.L. Amateis, and J.L. Creighton. 2017. An assessment of potential of hybrid poplar for planting in the Virginia Piedmont. New Forests. 48:479-490.
• Yang, S. and H.E. Burkhart. 2017. Estimation of carrying capacity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) For. Ecol. and Manage. 385:167-176. Scolforo, H.F., F. Castro Neto, J.R.S.Scolforo, H.E. Burkhart, J.P. McTague, M.R. Raimundo, R.A. Loos, S. Foneeca, and R.C. Sartório. 2016. Modeling dominant height growth of eucalyptus plantations with parameters conditioned to climate variations. For. Ecol. and Manage. 380:182-195.
• Thapa, R., H.E. Burkhart, J. Li, and Y. Hong. 2016. Modeling clustered survival times of loblolly pine with time-dependent covariates and shared frailties. J. Agric., Biol., and Env. Stat. 21:92-110.
• Allen, MG. and H.E. Burkhart. 2015. A comparison of alternative data sources for modeling site index in loblolly pine
  plantations. Can. J. For. Res. 45: 1026-1033.
• Gyawali, N. and H.E. Burkhart. 2015. General response functions to silvicultural treatments in loblolly pine plantations. Can. J. For. Res. 45:252-265.
• Li, J., Y. Hong, R. Thapa and H.E. Burkhart. 2015. Survival analysis of loblolly pine trees with spatially correlated random effects. Jour. Am. Stat. Assoc. 110(510):486-502.
• Sabatia, C.O. and H.E. Burkhart. 2015. On the use of upper stem diameters to localize a segmented taper equation to new trees. For. Sci. 61:411-423.
• Thapa, R. and H.E. Burkhart. 2015. Modeling stand-level mortality of loblolly pine (pinus taeda L.) using stand, climate and soil variables.For. Sci. 61:411-423.
• Amateis, R.L. and C.A. Carlson. 2014. Modeling diameter class removals for thinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. For. Ecol. Manag. 327:26-30.
• Sabatia, C.O. and H.E. Burkhart. 2014. Predicting site index of plantation loblolly pine from biophysical variables. For. Ecol. Manag. 326:142-156.
• Amateis, R.L. and H.E. Burkhart. 2013. Relating quantity, quality and value of lumber to planting density for loblolly pine plantations. South. J. Appl. For. 37:97-101.
• Amateis, R.L., H.E. Burkhart and Gi Young Jeong. 2013. Modulus of elasticity declines with decreasing planting density for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. Ann. For. Sci. 70:743-750.
• Burkhart, H.E. 2013. Comparison of maximum size-density relationships based on alternate stand attributes for predicting tree numbers and stand growth. For. Ecol. Manag. 289:404-408.
• Sabatia, C.O. and H.E. Burkhart. 2013. Modeling height development of loblolly pine genetic varieties. For. Sci. 59:267-277.
• Sabatia, C.O. and H.E. Burkhart. 2013. Height and diameter relationships and distributions in loblolly pine stands of
  enhanced genetic  material. For. Sci. 59:278-289.
• Amateis, R.L. and H.E. Burkhart. 2012. Rotation-age results from a loblolly pine spacing trial. South. J. Appl. For. 36:11-18.
• Antón-Fernández, C., H.E. Burkhart and R.L. Amateis. 2012. Modeling the effects of initial spacing on stand basal area development of loblolly pine. For. Sci. 58:95-105.
• Burkhart, H.E. and M. Tomé. 2012. Modeling Forest Trees and Stands. Springer, 457 p.
• Russell, M.B., H.E. Burkhart, R.L. Amateis and S.P. Prisley. 2012. Regional locale and its influence on the prediction of loblolly pine diameter distributions. South. J. Appl. For. 36:198-203.
• Sabatia, C.O., and H.E. Burkhart. 2012. Competition among loblolly pine trees: Does genetic variability of the trees matter? For. Ecol. Manag. 263:122-130.
• VanderSchaaf, C.L. and H.E. Burkhart. 2012. Development of planting density-specific density management diagrams for loblolly pine. South. J. Appl. For. 36:126-129.
• Amateis, R.L. and H.E. Burkhart. 2011. Growth of young loblolly pine trees following pruning. For. Ecol. Manag. 262:2338-2343.
• Antón-Fernández, C., H.E. Burkhart, M.R. Strub, and R.L. Amateis. 2011. Effects of initial spacing on height development of loblolly pine. For. Sci. 57:201-211.
• García, O., H.E. Burkhart and R.L. Amateis. 2011. A biologically-consistent stand growth model for loblolly pine in the Piedmont physiographic region, USA. For. Ecol. and Manage. 262:2035-2041.
• Russell, M.B., R.L. Amateis and H.E. Burkhart. 2010. Implementing regional locale and thinning response in the loblolly pine height-diameter relationship. South. J. Appl. For. 34: 21-27.